Red Terror
What started as a peasant uprising in 1967 has since spread to 20 of India's 29 states with seven states being severely affected. Maoist-linked violence has already claimed nearly 600 lives this year.
Red Terror- An overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety characterized by violence or bloodshed.
NAXALITES-
History
• The term Naxalites comes from Naxalbari, a small village in West Bengal, where a extremist section of Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) led a violent uprising in 1967, trying to develop a "revolutionary opposition" in opposition to the CPI(M) leadership. The insurrection started on May 25, 1967 in Naxalbari village when a farmer was attacked over a land dispute. Maoists in the guise of local farmers retaliated by attacking the local landlords and escalated the violence.
• By 1980 it was estimated that around 30 Naxalite groups were active, with a combined membership of 30,000
Communist Party of India (Maoist)
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a violent underground Maoist political party in India. It was founded on September 21, 2004, The popularly elected UPA government on 22 June 2009 banned the CPI (Maoist) under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, calling it a terrorist organisation.
Following the ban, the Maoists will now be liable for arrested under the UAPA. After the ban they are barred from holding rallies, public meetings and demonstrations, and their offices if any, will be sealed and bank account frozen.
• Ideology- It is claimed by the Communist Party of India (Maoist) that it is conducting 'people's war', a strategical line developed by Mao Zedong during the phase of guerrilla warfare of the Communist Party of China.
• Governance Tactics- The organisation has been holding 'Public Court' in remote villages by handing out arbitrary and many times inhuman justice for local problems.They have also held these in order to eliminate the local political leaders..
These are usually held in the areas where the police and administration does not have a permanent presence or does not venture into without additional specialized combat forces.
• Funding- The principal funding for the Maoists comes from abductions, extortions and looting.
Another major source of funding for Maoists comes from poppy and hemp cultivation reported from the Ghagra area of Gumla district in Jharkhand and in parts of Gumla, Kishanganj and Purnia districts in Bihar.
• Military Tactics- There struggle is based on guerrilla warfare. This strategy entails building up of bases in rural and remote areas and transforming them first into guerrilla zones and then as "liberated zones", besides the area-wise seizure and encircling cities.
FIGURES-
-160 No. of districts where Naxalites wield influence.
-200 Security men killed in 2009
-700 civilian deaths ‘09
-700 civilian deaths ‘09
-A total of 439 people died between January 2010 and May 2010 due to Naxal attacks.
--A state in disrepair-MANIPUR
2,500 away from Delhi,Manipur has turned into India’s Wild Wild East where there are 30-odd underground groups in the east.The State is ‘handicap’ for the two reasons-First,the state belongs to ‘invisible’ North-East & Second complete breakdown of law and order,infrastructure and corrupt politics.
Personalities who matter-
Kobad Ghandy (in picture), the London-educated (chartered accountant) leader and ideologue of CPI (Maoist) in charge of spreading the Naxalite influence in urban areas,arrested in Delhi on Sep 17.
Ganapathi (45) general secretary CPI (Maoist) is India’s most powerful & wanted Naxal.
Prashant bose (50) is the second most powerful man in Maoist party. Little else is known of him.
DARK SIDE-
Abolish AFSPA-Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1958
AFSPA empowers the military and paramilitary forces to arrest,shoot and even kill anyone on mere suspicion.The common there want the act to be abolished because it leads to death of many innocents.According to Human Rights since 2006, 52 have been encountered and Manipur police has encountered 225 people this year.
Governments Initiative-
• The Central Government is planning to pump in Rs 7,300 crore in security and infrastructure projects in the affected districts over the next three years. In the first phase, six districts in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Maharashtra are to implement the plan.
• The latest attacks have resulted in a counter -offensive launched by some 70,000 paramilitary forces in strategic locations in what is called the Red Corridor.
The paramilitary personnel to be deployed are mostly those trained in jungle and guerrilla warfare as well as counter-insurgency tactics, drawn from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Border Security Force, Sashastra Seema Bal, Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA). Apart from choppers, the strategy is also to use satellites to track the movements of militants.
• The forces are to be deployed until the area comes under full control and development schemes and infrastructure take root.
Ideology-
‘The notion that a Naxalite is someone who hates his country is naive and idiotic. He is, more likely, one who likes this country more than the rest of us, and is thus more disturbed than the rest of us when he sees it debauched. He is not a bad citizen turning to crime; he is a good citizen fighting for justice and equality’
According to Naxalite leaders their fight is against five forms of injustices:
• Lack of development of backward areas
• Class divisions
• Oppression against women
• Injustices against and harassment of Muslims
• Backwardness of the tribals
CHALLENGES-
v Guerrilla warfare the tactic used by maoist is the irregular warfare and combat in which a small group of combatants use mobile military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger and less mobile formal army.
v Tackling them is a daunting challenge because of the dense forests they operate in, their tribal knowledge of local conditions and topography, support from impoverished villagers and the alarming sophistication of the weaponry at their command-from mines and grenades to AK-47s and rocket launchers.
v No state ruling party has paid importance and took the Maoist challenge seriously with Centre.
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